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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// Inheritance
import "./SpeedMarket.sol";

contract SpeedMarketMastercopy is SpeedMarket {
    constructor() {
        // Freeze mastercopy on deployment so it can never be initialized with real arguments
        initialized = true;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/IERC20Upgradeable.sol";

import "../interfaces/ISpeedMarketsAMM.sol";

contract SpeedMarket {
    using SafeERC20Upgradeable for IERC20Upgradeable;

    struct InitParams {
        address _speedMarketsAMM;
        address _user;
        bytes32 _asset;
        uint64 _strikeTime;
        int64 _strikePrice;
        uint64 _strikePricePublishTime;
        Direction _direction;
        uint _buyinAmount;
        uint _safeBoxImpact;
        uint _lpFee;
    }

    enum Direction {
        Up,
        Down
    }

    address public user;
    bytes32 public asset;
    uint64 public strikeTime;
    int64 public strikePrice;
    uint64 public strikePricePublishTime;
    Direction public direction;
    uint public buyinAmount;

    bool public resolved;
    int64 public finalPrice;
    Direction public result;

    ISpeedMarketsAMM public speedMarketsAMM;

    uint public safeBoxImpact;
    uint public lpFee;

    uint256 public createdAt;

    /* ========== CONSTRUCTOR ========== */

    bool public initialized = false;

    function initialize(InitParams calldata params) external {
        require(!initialized, "Speed market already initialized");
        initialized = true;
        speedMarketsAMM = ISpeedMarketsAMM(params._speedMarketsAMM);
        user = params._user;
        asset = params._asset;
        strikeTime = params._strikeTime;
        strikePrice = params._strikePrice;
        strikePricePublishTime = params._strikePricePublishTime;
        direction = params._direction;
        buyinAmount = params._buyinAmount;
        safeBoxImpact = params._safeBoxImpact;
        lpFee = params._lpFee;
        speedMarketsAMM.sUSD().approve(params._speedMarketsAMM, type(uint256).max);
        createdAt = block.timestamp;
    }

    function resolve(int64 _finalPrice) external onlyAMM {
        require(!resolved, "already resolved");
        require(block.timestamp > strikeTime, "not ready to be resolved");
        resolved = true;
        finalPrice = _finalPrice;

        if (finalPrice < strikePrice) {
            result = Direction.Down;
        } else if (finalPrice > strikePrice) {
            result = Direction.Up;
        } else {
            result = direction == Direction.Up ? Direction.Down : Direction.Up;
        }

        if (direction == result) {
            speedMarketsAMM.sUSD().safeTransfer(user, speedMarketsAMM.sUSD().balanceOf(address(this)));
        } else {
            speedMarketsAMM.sUSD().safeTransfer(address(speedMarketsAMM), speedMarketsAMM.sUSD().balanceOf(address(this)));
        }

        emit Resolved(finalPrice, result, direction == result);
    }

    function isUserWinner() external view returns (bool) {
        return resolved && (direction == result);
    }

    modifier onlyAMM() {
        require(msg.sender == address(speedMarketsAMM), "only the AMM may perform these methods");
        _;
    }

    event Resolved(int64 finalPrice, Direction result, bool userIsWinner);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import "../../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20Upgradeable {
    using AddressUpgradeable for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20Upgradeable token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20Upgradeable token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20Upgradeable token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20Upgradeable token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20Upgradeable token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20Upgradeable token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address.functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address sender,
        address recipient,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.5.16;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/IERC20Upgradeable.sol";

import "@pythnetwork/pyth-sdk-solidity/PythStructs.sol";

import "../SpeedMarkets/SpeedMarket.sol";
import "../SpeedMarkets/SpeedMarketsAMM.sol";

interface ISpeedMarketsAMM {
    struct Params {
        bool supportedAsset;
        uint safeBoxImpact;
        uint64 maximumPriceDelay;
    }

    function sUSD() external view returns (IERC20Upgradeable);

    function createNewMarket(SpeedMarketsAMM.CreateMarketParams calldata _params) external;

    function supportedAsset(bytes32 _asset) external view returns (bool);

    function assetToPythId(bytes32 _asset) external view returns (bytes32);

    function minBuyinAmount() external view returns (uint);

    function maxBuyinAmount() external view returns (uint);

    function minimalTimeToMaturity() external view returns (uint);

    function maximalTimeToMaturity() external view returns (uint);

    function maximumPriceDelay() external view returns (uint64);

    function maximumPriceDelayForResolving() external view returns (uint64);

    function timeThresholdsForFees(uint _index) external view returns (uint);

    function lpFees(uint _index) external view returns (uint);

    function lpFee() external view returns (uint);

    function maxSkewImpact() external view returns (uint);

    function safeBoxImpact() external view returns (uint);

    function marketHasCreatedAtAttribute(address _market) external view returns (bool);

    function marketHasFeeAttribute(address _market) external view returns (bool);

    function maxRiskPerAsset(bytes32 _asset) external view returns (uint);

    function currentRiskPerAsset(bytes32 _asset) external view returns (uint);

    function maxRiskPerAssetAndDirection(bytes32 _asset, SpeedMarket.Direction _direction) external view returns (uint);

    function currentRiskPerAssetAndDirection(bytes32 _asset, SpeedMarket.Direction _direction) external view returns (uint);

    function whitelistedAddresses(address _wallet) external view returns (bool);

    function getLengths(address _user) external view returns (uint[5] memory);

    function getParams(bytes32 _asset) external view returns (Params memory);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library AddressUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize, which returns 0 for contracts in
        // construction, since the code is only stored at the end of the
        // constructor execution.

        uint256 size;
        assembly {
            size := extcodesize(account)
        }
        return size > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: static call to non-contract");

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResult(success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verifies that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract PythStructs {
    // A price with a degree of uncertainty, represented as a price +- a confidence interval.
    //
    // The confidence interval roughly corresponds to the standard error of a normal distribution.
    // Both the price and confidence are stored in a fixed-point numeric representation,
    // `x * (10^expo)`, where `expo` is the exponent.
    //
    // Please refer to the documentation at https://docs.pyth.network/consumers/best-practices for how
    // to how this price safely.
    struct Price {
        // Price
        int64 price;
        // Confidence interval around the price
        uint64 conf;
        // Price exponent
        int32 expo;
        // Unix timestamp describing when the price was published
        uint publishTime;
    }

    // PriceFeed represents a current aggregate price from pyth publisher feeds.
    struct PriceFeed {
        // The price ID.
        bytes32 id;
        // Latest available price
        Price price;
        // Latest available exponentially-weighted moving average price
        Price emaPrice;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// external
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/math/MathUpgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/math/SafeMathUpgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/IERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/security/PausableUpgradeable.sol";

import "@openzeppelin/contracts-4.4.1/proxy/Clones.sol";

import "@pythnetwork/pyth-sdk-solidity/IPyth.sol";
import "@pythnetwork/pyth-sdk-solidity/PythStructs.sol";

// internal
import "../utils/proxy/solidity-0.8.0/ProxyReentrancyGuard.sol";
import "../utils/proxy/solidity-0.8.0/ProxyOwned.sol";
import "../utils/proxy/solidity-0.8.0/ProxyPausable.sol";
import "../utils/libraries/AddressSetLib.sol";

import "../interfaces/IStakingThales.sol";
import "../interfaces/IMultiCollateralOnOffRamp.sol";
import "../interfaces/IReferrals.sol";
import "../interfaces/IAddressManager.sol";
import "../interfaces/ISpeedMarketsAMM.sol";

import "./SpeedMarket.sol";
import "./SpeedMarketsAMMUtils.sol";

/// @title An AMM for Thales speed markets
contract SpeedMarketsAMM is Initializable, ProxyOwned, ProxyPausable, ProxyReentrancyGuard {
    using SafeERC20Upgradeable for IERC20Upgradeable;
    using AddressSetLib for AddressSetLib.AddressSet;

    AddressSetLib.AddressSet internal _activeMarkets;
    AddressSetLib.AddressSet internal _maturedMarkets;

    uint private constant ONE = 1e18;
    uint private constant MAX_APPROVAL = type(uint256).max;

    IERC20Upgradeable public sUSD;

    address public speedMarketMastercopy;

    uint public safeBoxImpact;
    uint public lpFee;

    address private safeBox; // unused, moved to AddressManager

    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public supportedAsset;

    uint public minimalTimeToMaturity;
    uint public maximalTimeToMaturity;

    uint public minBuyinAmount;
    uint public maxBuyinAmount;

    mapping(bytes32 => uint) public maxRiskPerAsset;
    mapping(bytes32 => uint) public currentRiskPerAsset;

    mapping(bytes32 => bytes32) public assetToPythId;

    IPyth private pyth; // unused, moved to AddressManager

    uint64 public maximumPriceDelay;

    IStakingThales private stakingThales; // unused, moved to AddressManager

    mapping(address => AddressSetLib.AddressSet) internal _activeMarketsPerUser;
    mapping(address => AddressSetLib.AddressSet) internal _maturedMarketsPerUser;

    mapping(address => bool) public whitelistedAddresses;
    IMultiCollateralOnOffRamp private multiCollateralOnOffRamp; // unused, moved to AddressManager
    bool public multicollateralEnabled;

    mapping(bytes32 => mapping(SpeedMarket.Direction => uint)) public maxRiskPerAssetAndDirection;
    mapping(bytes32 => mapping(SpeedMarket.Direction => uint)) public currentRiskPerAssetAndDirection;

    uint64 public maximumPriceDelayForResolving;

    mapping(address => bool) public marketHasCreatedAtAttribute;

    address private referrals; // unused, moved to AddressManager

    uint[] public timeThresholdsForFees;
    uint[] public lpFees;

    SpeedMarketsAMMUtils private speedMarketsAMMUtils;

    mapping(address => bool) public marketHasFeeAttribute;

    /// @return The address of the address manager contract
    IAddressManager public addressManager;

    uint public maxSkewImpact;
    uint public skewSlippage;

    /// @param user user wallet address
    /// @param asset market asset
    /// @param strikeTime strike time, if zero delta time is used
    /// @param delta delta time, used if strike time is zero
    /// @param pythPrice structure with pyth price and publish time
    /// @param direction direction (UP/DOWN)
    /// @param collateral collateral address, for default collateral use zero address
    /// @param collateralAmount collateral amount, for non default includes fees
    /// @param referrer referrer address
    /// @param skewImpact skew impact, used to check skew slippage
    struct CreateMarketParams {
        address user;
        bytes32 asset;
        uint64 strikeTime;
        uint64 delta;
        PythStructs.Price pythPrice;
        SpeedMarket.Direction direction;
        address collateral;
        uint collateralAmount;
        address referrer;
        uint skewImpact;
    }

    receive() external payable {}

    function initialize(address _owner, IERC20Upgradeable _sUSD) external initializer {
        setOwner(_owner);
        initNonReentrant();
        sUSD = _sUSD;
    }

    /// @notice create new market for a given delta/strike time
    /// @param _params parameters for creating market
    function createNewMarket(CreateMarketParams calldata _params) external nonReentrant notPaused onlyCreator {
        IAddressManager.Addresses memory contractsAddresses = addressManager.getAddresses();

        bool isDefaultCollateral = _params.collateral == address(0);
        uint64 strikeTime = _params.strikeTime == 0 ? uint64(block.timestamp + _params.delta) : _params.strikeTime;
        uint buyinAmount = isDefaultCollateral
            ? _params.collateralAmount
            : _getBuyinWithConversion(
                _params.user,
                _params.collateral,
                _params.collateralAmount,
                strikeTime,
                contractsAddresses
            );

        _createNewMarket(
            _params.user,
            _params.asset,
            strikeTime,
            _params.pythPrice,
            _params.direction,
            buyinAmount,
            isDefaultCollateral,
            _params.referrer,
            _params.skewImpact,
            contractsAddresses
        );
    }

    function _getBuyinWithConversion(
        address user,
        address collateral,
        uint collateralAmount,
        uint64 strikeTime,
        IAddressManager.Addresses memory contractsAddresses
    ) internal returns (uint buyinAmount) {
        require(multicollateralEnabled, "Multicollateral onramp not enabled");
        uint amountBefore = sUSD.balanceOf(address(this));

        IMultiCollateralOnOffRamp iMultiCollateralOnOffRamp = IMultiCollateralOnOffRamp(
            contractsAddresses.multiCollateralOnOffRamp
        );

        IERC20Upgradeable(collateral).safeTransferFrom(user, address(this), collateralAmount);
        IERC20Upgradeable(collateral).approve(address(iMultiCollateralOnOffRamp), collateralAmount);
        uint convertedAmount = iMultiCollateralOnOffRamp.onramp(collateral, collateralAmount);

        uint lpFeeForDeltaTime = speedMarketsAMMUtils.getFeeByTimeThreshold(
            uint64(strikeTime - block.timestamp),
            timeThresholdsForFees,
            lpFees,
            lpFee
        );

        buyinAmount = (convertedAmount * ONE) / (ONE + safeBoxImpact + lpFeeForDeltaTime);

        uint amountDiff = sUSD.balanceOf(address(this)) - amountBefore;
        require(amountDiff >= buyinAmount, "not enough received via onramp");
    }

    function _getSkewByAssetAndDirection(bytes32 _asset, SpeedMarket.Direction _direction) internal view returns (uint) {
        return
            (((currentRiskPerAssetAndDirection[_asset][_direction] * ONE) /
                maxRiskPerAssetAndDirection[_asset][_direction]) * maxSkewImpact) / ONE;
    }

    function _handleRiskAndGetFee(
        bytes32 asset,
        SpeedMarket.Direction direction,
        uint buyinAmount,
        uint64 strikeTime,
        uint skewImpact
    ) internal returns (uint lpFeeWithSkew) {
        uint skew = _getSkewByAssetAndDirection(asset, direction);
        require(skew <= skewImpact + skewSlippage, "Skew slippage exceeded");

        SpeedMarket.Direction oppositeDirection = direction == SpeedMarket.Direction.Up
            ? SpeedMarket.Direction.Down
            : SpeedMarket.Direction.Up;

        // calculate discount as half of skew for opposite direction
        uint discount = skew == 0 ? _getSkewByAssetAndDirection(asset, oppositeDirection) / 2 : 0;

        // decrease risk for opposite direction if there is, otherwise increase risk for current direction
        if (currentRiskPerAssetAndDirection[asset][oppositeDirection] > buyinAmount) {
            currentRiskPerAssetAndDirection[asset][oppositeDirection] -= buyinAmount;
        } else {
            currentRiskPerAssetAndDirection[asset][direction] +=
                buyinAmount -
                currentRiskPerAssetAndDirection[asset][oppositeDirection];
            currentRiskPerAssetAndDirection[asset][oppositeDirection] = 0;
            require(
                currentRiskPerAssetAndDirection[asset][direction] <= maxRiskPerAssetAndDirection[asset][direction],
                "Risk per direction exceeded"
            );
        }

        // (LP fee by delta time) + (skew impact based on risk per direction and asset) - (discount as half of opposite skew)
        lpFeeWithSkew =
            speedMarketsAMMUtils.getFeeByTimeThreshold(
                uint64(strikeTime - block.timestamp),
                timeThresholdsForFees,
                lpFees,
                lpFee
            ) +
            skew -
            discount;

        currentRiskPerAsset[asset] += (buyinAmount * 2 - (buyinAmount * (ONE + lpFeeWithSkew)) / ONE);
        require(currentRiskPerAsset[asset] <= maxRiskPerAsset[asset], "Risk per asset exceeded");
    }

    function _handleReferrerAndSafeBox(
        address user,
        address referrer,
        uint buyinAmount,
        IAddressManager.Addresses memory contractsAddresses
    ) internal returns (uint referrerShare) {
        IReferrals iReferrals = IReferrals(contractsAddresses.referrals);
        if (address(iReferrals) != address(0)) {
            address newOrExistingReferrer;
            if (referrer != address(0)) {
                iReferrals.setReferrer(referrer, user);
                newOrExistingReferrer = referrer;
            } else {
                newOrExistingReferrer = iReferrals.referrals(user);
            }

            if (newOrExistingReferrer != address(0)) {
                uint referrerFeeByTier = iReferrals.getReferrerFee(newOrExistingReferrer);
                if (referrerFeeByTier > 0) {
                    referrerShare = (buyinAmount * referrerFeeByTier) / ONE;
                    sUSD.safeTransfer(newOrExistingReferrer, referrerShare);
                    emit ReferrerPaid(newOrExistingReferrer, user, referrerShare, buyinAmount);
                }
            }
        }

        sUSD.safeTransfer(contractsAddresses.safeBox, (buyinAmount * safeBoxImpact) / ONE - referrerShare);
    }

    function _createNewMarket(
        address user,
        bytes32 asset,
        uint64 strikeTime,
        PythStructs.Price calldata pythPrice,
        SpeedMarket.Direction direction,
        uint buyinAmount,
        bool transferSusd,
        address referrer,
        uint skewImpact,
        IAddressManager.Addresses memory contractsAddresses
    ) internal {
        require(supportedAsset[asset], "Asset is not supported");
        require(buyinAmount >= minBuyinAmount && buyinAmount <= maxBuyinAmount, "Wrong buy in amount");
        require(strikeTime >= (block.timestamp + minimalTimeToMaturity), "Strike time not allowed");
        require(strikeTime <= block.timestamp + maximalTimeToMaturity, "Time too far into the future");

        uint lpFeeWithSkew = _handleRiskAndGetFee(asset, direction, buyinAmount, strikeTime, skewImpact);

        if (transferSusd) {
            uint totalAmountToTransfer = (buyinAmount * (ONE + safeBoxImpact + lpFeeWithSkew)) / ONE;
            sUSD.safeTransferFrom(user, address(this), totalAmountToTransfer);
        }
        SpeedMarket srm = SpeedMarket(Clones.clone(speedMarketMastercopy));
        srm.initialize(
            SpeedMarket.InitParams(
                address(this),
                user,
                asset,
                strikeTime,
                pythPrice.price,
                uint64(pythPrice.publishTime),
                direction,
                buyinAmount,
                safeBoxImpact,
                lpFeeWithSkew
            )
        );

        sUSD.safeTransfer(address(srm), buyinAmount * 2);

        _handleReferrerAndSafeBox(user, referrer, buyinAmount, contractsAddresses);

        _activeMarkets.add(address(srm));
        _activeMarketsPerUser[user].add(address(srm));

        if (contractsAddresses.stakingThales != address(0)) {
            IStakingThales(contractsAddresses.stakingThales).updateVolume(user, buyinAmount);
        }

        marketHasCreatedAtAttribute[address(srm)] = true;
        marketHasFeeAttribute[address(srm)] = true;
        emit MarketCreated(address(srm), user, asset, strikeTime, pythPrice.price, direction, buyinAmount);
        emit MarketCreatedWithFees(
            address(srm),
            user,
            asset,
            strikeTime,
            pythPrice.price,
            direction,
            buyinAmount,
            safeBoxImpact,
            lpFeeWithSkew
        );
    }

    /// @notice resolveMarket resolves an active market
    /// @param market address of the market
    function resolveMarket(address market, bytes[] calldata priceUpdateData) external payable nonReentrant notPaused {
        _resolveMarket(market, priceUpdateData);
    }

    /// @notice resolveMarket resolves an active market with offramp
    /// @param market address of the market
    function resolveMarketWithOfframp(
        address market,
        bytes[] calldata priceUpdateData,
        address collateral,
        bool toEth
    ) external payable nonReentrant notPaused {
        require(multicollateralEnabled, "Multicollateral offramp not enabled");
        address user = SpeedMarket(market).user();
        require(msg.sender == user, "Only allowed from market owner");
        uint amountBefore = sUSD.balanceOf(user);
        _resolveMarket(market, priceUpdateData);
        uint amountDiff = sUSD.balanceOf(user) - amountBefore;
        sUSD.safeTransferFrom(user, address(this), amountDiff);
        if (amountDiff > 0) {
            IMultiCollateralOnOffRamp iMultiCollateralOnOffRamp = IMultiCollateralOnOffRamp(
                addressManager.multiCollateralOnOffRamp()
            );
            if (toEth) {
                uint offramped = iMultiCollateralOnOffRamp.offrampIntoEth(amountDiff);
                address payable _to = payable(user);
                bool sent = _to.send(offramped);
                require(sent, "Failed to send Ether");
            } else {
                uint offramped = iMultiCollateralOnOffRamp.offramp(collateral, amountDiff);
                IERC20Upgradeable(collateral).safeTransfer(user, offramped);
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice resolveMarkets in a batch
    function resolveMarketsBatch(address[] calldata markets, bytes[] calldata priceUpdateData)
        external
        payable
        nonReentrant
        notPaused
    {
        for (uint i = 0; i < markets.length; i++) {
            if (canResolveMarket(markets[i])) {
                bytes[] memory subarray = new bytes[](1);
                subarray[0] = priceUpdateData[i];
                _resolveMarket(markets[i], subarray);
            }
        }
    }

    function _resolveMarket(address market, bytes[] memory priceUpdateData) internal {
        require(canResolveMarket(market), "Can not resolve");

        IPyth iPyth = IPyth(addressManager.pyth());
        bytes32[] memory priceIds = new bytes32[](1);
        priceIds[0] = assetToPythId[SpeedMarket(market).asset()];
        PythStructs.PriceFeed[] memory prices = iPyth.parsePriceFeedUpdates{value: iPyth.getUpdateFee(priceUpdateData)}(
            priceUpdateData,
            priceIds,
            SpeedMarket(market).strikeTime(),
            SpeedMarket(market).strikeTime() + maximumPriceDelayForResolving
        );

        PythStructs.Price memory price = prices[0].price;

        require(price.price > 0, "Invalid price");

        _resolveMarketWithPrice(market, price.price);
    }

    /// @notice admin resolve market for a given market address with finalPrice
    function resolveMarketManually(address _market, int64 _finalPrice) external isAddressWhitelisted {
        _resolveMarketManually(_market, _finalPrice);
    }

    /// @notice admin resolve for a given markets with finalPrices
    function resolveMarketManuallyBatch(address[] calldata markets, int64[] calldata finalPrices)
        external
        isAddressWhitelisted
    {
        for (uint i = 0; i < markets.length; i++) {
            if (canResolveMarket(markets[i])) {
                _resolveMarketManually(markets[i], finalPrices[i]);
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice owner can resolve market for a given market address with finalPrice
    function resolveMarketAsOwner(address _market, int64 _finalPrice) external onlyOwner {
        require(canResolveMarket(_market), "Can not resolve");
        _resolveMarketWithPrice(_market, _finalPrice);
    }

    function _resolveMarketManually(address _market, int64 _finalPrice) internal {
        SpeedMarket.Direction direction = SpeedMarket(_market).direction();
        int64 strikePrice = SpeedMarket(_market).strikePrice();
        bool isUserWinner = (_finalPrice < strikePrice && direction == SpeedMarket.Direction.Down) ||
            (_finalPrice > strikePrice && direction == SpeedMarket.Direction.Up);
        require(canResolveMarket(_market) && !isUserWinner, "Can not resolve manually");
        _resolveMarketWithPrice(_market, _finalPrice);
    }

    function _resolveMarketWithPrice(address market, int64 _finalPrice) internal {
        SpeedMarket(market).resolve(_finalPrice);
        _activeMarkets.remove(market);
        _maturedMarkets.add(market);
        address user = SpeedMarket(market).user();

        if (_activeMarketsPerUser[user].contains(market)) {
            _activeMarketsPerUser[user].remove(market);
        }
        _maturedMarketsPerUser[user].add(market);

        bytes32 asset = SpeedMarket(market).asset();
        uint buyinAmount = SpeedMarket(market).buyinAmount();
        SpeedMarket.Direction direction = SpeedMarket(market).direction();

        if (currentRiskPerAssetAndDirection[asset][direction] > buyinAmount) {
            currentRiskPerAssetAndDirection[asset][direction] -= buyinAmount;
        } else {
            currentRiskPerAssetAndDirection[asset][direction] = 0;
        }

        if (!SpeedMarket(market).isUserWinner()) {
            if (currentRiskPerAsset[asset] > 2 * buyinAmount) {
                currentRiskPerAsset[asset] -= (2 * buyinAmount);
            } else {
                currentRiskPerAsset[asset] = 0;
            }
        }

        emit MarketResolved(market, SpeedMarket(market).result(), SpeedMarket(market).isUserWinner());
    }

    /// @notice Transfer amount to destination address
    function transferAmount(address _destination, uint _amount) external onlyOwner {
        sUSD.safeTransfer(_destination, _amount);
        emit AmountTransfered(_destination, _amount);
    }

    //////////// getters /////////////////

    /// @notice activeMarkets returns list of active markets
    /// @param index index of the page
    /// @param pageSize number of addresses per page
    /// @return address[] active market list
    function activeMarkets(uint index, uint pageSize) external view returns (address[] memory) {
        return _activeMarkets.getPage(index, pageSize);
    }

    /// @notice maturedMarkets returns list of matured markets
    /// @param index index of the page
    /// @param pageSize number of addresses per page
    /// @return address[] matured market list
    function maturedMarkets(uint index, uint pageSize) external view returns (address[] memory) {
        return _maturedMarkets.getPage(index, pageSize);
    }

    /// @notice activeMarkets returns list of active markets per user
    function activeMarketsPerUser(
        uint index,
        uint pageSize,
        address user
    ) external view returns (address[] memory) {
        return _activeMarketsPerUser[user].getPage(index, pageSize);
    }

    /// @notice maturedMarkets returns list of matured markets per user
    function maturedMarketsPerUser(
        uint index,
        uint pageSize,
        address user
    ) external view returns (address[] memory) {
        return _maturedMarketsPerUser[user].getPage(index, pageSize);
    }

    /// @notice whether a market can be resolved
    function canResolveMarket(address market) public view returns (bool) {
        return
            _activeMarkets.contains(market) &&
            (SpeedMarket(market).strikeTime() < block.timestamp) &&
            !SpeedMarket(market).resolved();
    }

    /// @notice get lengths of all arrays
    function getLengths(address user) external view returns (uint[5] memory) {
        return [
            _activeMarkets.elements.length,
            _maturedMarkets.elements.length,
            _activeMarketsPerUser[user].elements.length,
            _maturedMarketsPerUser[user].elements.length,
            lpFees.length
        ];
    }

    /// @notice get params for chained market
    function getParams(bytes32 asset) external view returns (ISpeedMarketsAMM.Params memory) {
        ISpeedMarketsAMM.Params memory params;
        params.supportedAsset = supportedAsset[asset];
        params.safeBoxImpact = safeBoxImpact;
        params.maximumPriceDelay = maximumPriceDelay;
        return params;
    }

    //////////////////setters/////////////////

    /// @notice Set addresses used in AMM
    /// @param _mastercopy to use to create markets
    /// @param _speedMarketsAMMUtils address of speed markets AMM utils
    /// @param _addressManager address manager contract
    function setAMMAddresses(
        address _mastercopy,
        SpeedMarketsAMMUtils _speedMarketsAMMUtils,
        address _addressManager
    ) external onlyOwner {
        speedMarketMastercopy = _mastercopy;
        speedMarketsAMMUtils = _speedMarketsAMMUtils;
        addressManager = IAddressManager(_addressManager);
        emit AMMAddressesChanged(_mastercopy, _speedMarketsAMMUtils, _addressManager);
    }

    /// @notice Set parameters for limits
    function setLimitParams(
        uint _minBuyinAmount,
        uint _maxBuyinAmount,
        uint _minimalTimeToMaturity,
        uint _maximalTimeToMaturity,
        uint64 _maximumPriceDelay,
        uint64 _maximumPriceDelayForResolving
    ) external onlyOwner {
        minBuyinAmount = _minBuyinAmount;
        maxBuyinAmount = _maxBuyinAmount;
        minimalTimeToMaturity = _minimalTimeToMaturity;
        maximalTimeToMaturity = _maximalTimeToMaturity;
        maximumPriceDelay = _maximumPriceDelay;
        maximumPriceDelayForResolving = _maximumPriceDelayForResolving;
        emit LimitParamsChanged(
            _minBuyinAmount,
            _maxBuyinAmount,
            _minimalTimeToMaturity,
            _maximalTimeToMaturity,
            _maximumPriceDelay,
            _maximumPriceDelayForResolving
        );
    }

    /// @notice maximum risk per asset and per asset and direction
    function setMaxRisks(
        bytes32 asset,
        uint _maxRiskPerAsset,
        uint _maxRiskPerAssetAndDirection
    ) external onlyOwner {
        maxRiskPerAsset[asset] = _maxRiskPerAsset;
        currentRiskPerAsset[asset] = 0;
        maxRiskPerAssetAndDirection[asset][SpeedMarket.Direction.Up] = _maxRiskPerAssetAndDirection;
        maxRiskPerAssetAndDirection[asset][SpeedMarket.Direction.Down] = _maxRiskPerAssetAndDirection;
        emit SetMaxRisks(asset, _maxRiskPerAsset, _maxRiskPerAssetAndDirection);
    }

    /// @notice set SafeBox, max skew impact and skew slippage
    /// @param _safeBoxImpact safebox impact
    /// @param _maxSkewImpact skew impact
    /// @param _skewSlippage skew slippage
    function setSafeBoxAndMaxSkewImpact(
        uint _safeBoxImpact,
        uint _maxSkewImpact,
        uint _skewSlippage
    ) external onlyOwner {
        safeBoxImpact = _safeBoxImpact;
        maxSkewImpact = _maxSkewImpact;
        skewSlippage = _skewSlippage;
        emit SafeBoxAndMaxSkewImpactChanged(_safeBoxImpact, _maxSkewImpact, _skewSlippage);
    }

    /// @notice set LP fee params
    /// @param _timeThresholds array of time thresholds (minutes) for different fees in ascending order
    /// @param _lpFees array of fees applied to each time frame defined in _timeThresholds
    /// @param _lpFee default LP fee when there are no dynamic fees
    function setLPFeeParams(
        uint[] calldata _timeThresholds,
        uint[] calldata _lpFees,
        uint _lpFee
    ) external onlyOwner {
        require(_timeThresholds.length == _lpFees.length, "Times and fees must have the same length");
        delete timeThresholdsForFees;
        delete lpFees;
        for (uint i = 0; i < _timeThresholds.length; i++) {
            timeThresholdsForFees.push(_timeThresholds[i]);
            lpFees.push(_lpFees[i]);
        }
        lpFee = _lpFee;
        emit SetLPFeeParams(_timeThresholds, _lpFees, _lpFee);
    }

    /// @notice set whether an asset is supported
    function setSupportedAsset(bytes32 asset, bool _supported) external onlyOwner {
        supportedAsset[asset] = _supported;
        emit SetSupportedAsset(asset, _supported);
    }

    /// @notice map asset to PythID, e.g. "ETH" as bytes 32 to an equivalent ID from pyth docs
    function setAssetToPythID(bytes32 asset, bytes32 pythId) external onlyOwner {
        assetToPythId[asset] = pythId;
        emit SetAssetToPythID(asset, pythId);
    }

    /// @notice set multi-collateral enabled
    function setMultiCollateralOnOffRampEnabled(bool _enabled) external onlyOwner {
        address multiCollateralAddress = addressManager.multiCollateralOnOffRamp();
        if (multiCollateralAddress != address(0)) {
            sUSD.approve(multiCollateralAddress, _enabled ? MAX_APPROVAL : 0);
        }
        multicollateralEnabled = _enabled;
        emit MultiCollateralOnOffRampEnabled(_enabled);
    }

    /// @notice adding/removing whitelist address depending on a flag
    /// @param _whitelistAddress address that needed to be whitelisted or removed from WL
    /// @param _flag adding or removing from whitelist (true: add, false: remove)
    function addToWhitelist(address _whitelistAddress, bool _flag) external onlyOwner {
        require(_whitelistAddress != address(0));
        whitelistedAddresses[_whitelistAddress] = _flag;
        emit AddedIntoWhitelist(_whitelistAddress, _flag);
    }

    //////////////////modifiers/////////////////

    modifier isAddressWhitelisted() {
        require(whitelistedAddresses[msg.sender], "Resolver not whitelisted");
        _;
    }

    modifier onlyCreator() {
        address speedMarketsCreator = addressManager.getAddress("SpeedMarketsAMMCreator");
        require(msg.sender == speedMarketsCreator, "only from Creator");
        _;
    }

    //////////////////events/////////////////

    event MarketCreated(
        address _market,
        address _user,
        bytes32 _asset,
        uint _strikeTime,
        int64 _strikePrice,
        SpeedMarket.Direction _direction,
        uint _buyinAmount
    );
    event MarketCreatedWithFees(
        address _market,
        address _user,
        bytes32 _asset,
        uint _strikeTime,
        int64 _strikePrice,
        SpeedMarket.Direction _direction,
        uint _buyinAmount,
        uint _safeBoxImpact,
        uint _lpFee
    );

    event MarketResolved(address _market, SpeedMarket.Direction _result, bool _userIsWinner);

    event AMMAddressesChanged(address _mastercopy, SpeedMarketsAMMUtils _speedMarketsAMMUtils, address _addressManager);
    event LimitParamsChanged(
        uint _minBuyinAmount,
        uint _maxBuyinAmount,
        uint _minimalTimeToMaturity,
        uint _maximalTimeToMaturity,
        uint _maximumPriceDelay,
        uint _maximumPriceDelayForResolving
    );
    event SetMaxRisks(bytes32 asset, uint _maxRiskPerAsset, uint _maxRiskPerAssetAndDirection);
    event SafeBoxAndMaxSkewImpactChanged(uint _safeBoxImpact, uint _maxSkewImpact, uint _skewSlippage);
    event SetLPFeeParams(uint[] _timeThresholds, uint[] _lpFees, uint _lpFee);
    event SetSupportedAsset(bytes32 asset, bool _supported);
    event SetAssetToPythID(bytes32 asset, bytes32 pythId);
    event AddedIntoWhitelist(address _whitelistAddress, bool _flag);
    event MultiCollateralOnOffRampEnabled(bool _enabled);
    event ReferrerPaid(address refferer, address trader, uint amount, uint volume);
    event AmountTransfered(address _destination, uint _amount);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library MathUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a >= b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a / b + (a % b == 0 ? 0 : 1);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract OwnableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    function __Ownable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Context_init_unchained();
        __Ownable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Ownable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions anymore. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby removing any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since a proxied contract can't have a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To initialize the implementation contract, you can either invoke the
 * initializer manually, or you can include a constructor to automatically mark it as initialized when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() initializer {}
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     */
    bool private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initializer function from being invoked twice.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        // If the contract is initializing we ignore whether _initialized is set in order to support multiple
        // inheritance patterns, but we only do this in the context of a constructor, because in other contexts the
        // contract may have been reentered.
        require(_initializing ? _isConstructor() : !_initialized, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");

        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
            _initialized = true;
        }

        _;

        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} modifier, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    function _isConstructor() private view returns (bool) {
        return !AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/math/SafeMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// CAUTION
// This version of SafeMath should only be used with Solidity 0.8 or later,
// because it relies on the compiler's built in overflow checks.

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations.
 *
 * NOTE: `SafeMath` is generally not needed starting with Solidity 0.8, since the compiler
 * now has built in overflow checking.
 */
library SafeMathUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 c = a + b;
            if (c < a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the substraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b > a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a - b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
            // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
            // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
            if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
            uint256 c = a * b;
            if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a / b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a % b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Addition cannot overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a + b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a - b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a * b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a / b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * reverting when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a % b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {trySub}.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(
        uint256 a,
        uint256 b,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            require(b <= a, errorMessage);
            return a - b;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(
        uint256 a,
        uint256 b,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            require(b > 0, errorMessage);
            return a / b;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * reverting with custom message when dividing by zero.
     *
     * CAUTION: This function is deprecated because it requires allocating memory for the error
     * message unnecessarily. For custom revert reasons use {tryMod}.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(
        uint256 a,
        uint256 b,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            require(b > 0, errorMessage);
            return a % b;
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (security/Pausable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract PausableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    bool private _paused;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
     */
    function __Pausable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Context_init_unchained();
        __Pausable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Pausable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _paused = false;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _paused;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        _paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        _paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/Clones.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1167[EIP 1167] is a standard for
 * deploying minimal proxy contracts, also known as "clones".
 *
 * > To simply and cheaply clone contract functionality in an immutable way, this standard specifies
 * > a minimal bytecode implementation that delegates all calls to a known, fixed address.
 *
 * The library includes functions to deploy a proxy using either `create` (traditional deployment) or `create2`
 * (salted deterministic deployment). It also includes functions to predict the addresses of clones deployed using the
 * deterministic method.
 *
 * _Available since v3.4._
 */
library Clones {
    /**
     * @dev Deploys and returns the address of a clone that mimics the behaviour of `implementation`.
     *
     * This function uses the create opcode, which should never revert.
     */
    function clone(address implementation) internal returns (address instance) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, 0x3d602d80600a3d3981f3363d3d373d3d3d363d73000000000000000000000000)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x14), shl(0x60, implementation))
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x28), 0x5af43d82803e903d91602b57fd5bf30000000000000000000000000000000000)
            instance := create(0, ptr, 0x37)
        }
        require(instance != address(0), "ERC1167: create failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deploys and returns the address of a clone that mimics the behaviour of `implementation`.
     *
     * This function uses the create2 opcode and a `salt` to deterministically deploy
     * the clone. Using the same `implementation` and `salt` multiple time will revert, since
     * the clones cannot be deployed twice at the same address.
     */
    function cloneDeterministic(address implementation, bytes32 salt) internal returns (address instance) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, 0x3d602d80600a3d3981f3363d3d373d3d3d363d73000000000000000000000000)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x14), shl(0x60, implementation))
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x28), 0x5af43d82803e903d91602b57fd5bf30000000000000000000000000000000000)
            instance := create2(0, ptr, 0x37, salt)
        }
        require(instance != address(0), "ERC1167: create2 failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Computes the address of a clone deployed using {Clones-cloneDeterministic}.
     */
    function predictDeterministicAddress(
        address implementation,
        bytes32 salt,
        address deployer
    ) internal pure returns (address predicted) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, 0x3d602d80600a3d3981f3363d3d373d3d3d363d73000000000000000000000000)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x14), shl(0x60, implementation))
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x28), 0x5af43d82803e903d91602b57fd5bf3ff00000000000000000000000000000000)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x38), shl(0x60, deployer))
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x4c), salt)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x6c), keccak256(ptr, 0x37))
            predicted := keccak256(add(ptr, 0x37), 0x55)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Computes the address of a clone deployed using {Clones-cloneDeterministic}.
     */
    function predictDeterministicAddress(address implementation, bytes32 salt)
        internal
        view
        returns (address predicted)
    {
        return predictDeterministicAddress(implementation, salt, address(this));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./PythStructs.sol";
import "./IPythEvents.sol";

/// @title Consume prices from the Pyth Network (https://pyth.network/).
/// @dev Please refer to the guidance at https://docs.pyth.network/consumers/best-practices for how to consume prices safely.
/// @author Pyth Data Association
interface IPyth is IPythEvents {
    /// @notice Returns the period (in seconds) that a price feed is considered valid since its publish time
    function getValidTimePeriod() external view returns (uint validTimePeriod);

    /// @notice Returns the price and confidence interval.
    /// @dev Reverts if the price has not been updated within the last `getValidTimePeriod()` seconds.
    /// @param id The Pyth Price Feed ID of which to fetch the price and confidence interval.
    /// @return price - please read the documentation of PythStructs.Price to understand how to use this safely.
    function getPrice(
        bytes32 id
    ) external view returns (PythStructs.Price memory price);

    /// @notice Returns the exponentially-weighted moving average price and confidence interval.
    /// @dev Reverts if the EMA price is not available.
    /// @param id The Pyth Price Feed ID of which to fetch the EMA price and confidence interval.
    /// @return price - please read the documentation of PythStructs.Price to understand how to use this safely.
    function getEmaPrice(
        bytes32 id
    ) external view returns (PythStructs.Price memory price);

    /// @notice Returns the price of a price feed without any sanity checks.
    /// @dev This function returns the most recent price update in this contract without any recency checks.
    /// This function is unsafe as the returned price update may be arbitrarily far in the past.
    ///
    /// Users of this function should check the `publishTime` in the price to ensure that the returned price is
    /// sufficiently recent for their application. If you are considering using this function, it may be
    /// safer / easier to use either `getPrice` or `getPriceNoOlderThan`.
    /// @return price - please read the documentation of PythStructs.Price to understand how to use this safely.
    function getPriceUnsafe(
        bytes32 id
    ) external view returns (PythStructs.Price memory price);

    /// @notice Returns the price that is no older than `age` seconds of the current time.
    /// @dev This function is a sanity-checked version of `getPriceUnsafe` which is useful in
    /// applications that require a sufficiently-recent price. Reverts if the price wasn't updated sufficiently
    /// recently.
    /// @return price - please read the documentation of PythStructs.Price to understand how to use this safely.
    function getPriceNoOlderThan(
        bytes32 id,
        uint age
    ) external view returns (PythStructs.Price memory price);

    /// @notice Returns the exponentially-weighted moving average price of a price feed without any sanity checks.
    /// @dev This function returns the same price as `getEmaPrice` in the case where the price is available.
    /// However, if the price is not recent this function returns the latest available price.
    ///
    /// The returned price can be from arbitrarily far in the past; this function makes no guarantees that
    /// the returned price is recent or useful for any particular application.
    ///
    /// Users of this function should check the `publishTime` in the price to ensure that the returned price is
    /// sufficiently recent for their application. If you are considering using this function, it may be
    /// safer / easier to use either `getEmaPrice` or `getEmaPriceNoOlderThan`.
    /// @return price - please read the documentation of PythStructs.Price to understand how to use this safely.
    function getEmaPriceUnsafe(
        bytes32 id
    ) external view returns (PythStructs.Price memory price);

    /// @notice Returns the exponentially-weighted moving average price that is no older than `age` seconds
    /// of the current time.
    /// @dev This function is a sanity-checked version of `getEmaPriceUnsafe` which is useful in
    /// applications that require a sufficiently-recent price. Reverts if the price wasn't updated sufficiently
    /// recently.
    /// @return price - please read the documentation of PythStructs.Price to understand how to use this safely.
    function getEmaPriceNoOlderThan(
        bytes32 id,
        uint age
    ) external view returns (PythStructs.Price memory price);

    /// @notice Update price feeds with given update messages.
    /// This method requires the caller to pay a fee in wei; the required fee can be computed by calling
    /// `getUpdateFee` with the length of the `updateData` array.
    /// Prices will be updated if they are more recent than the current stored prices.
    /// The call will succeed even if the update is not the most recent.
    /// @dev Reverts if the transferred fee is not sufficient or the updateData is invalid.
    /// @param updateData Array of price update data.
    function updatePriceFeeds(bytes[] calldata updateData) external payable;

    /// @notice Wrapper around updatePriceFeeds that rejects fast if a price update is not necessary. A price update is
    /// necessary if the current on-chain publishTime is older than the given publishTime. It relies solely on the
    /// given `publishTimes` for the price feeds and does not read the actual price update publish time within `updateData`.
    ///
    /// This method requires the caller to pay a fee in wei; the required fee can be computed by calling
    /// `getUpdateFee` with the length of the `updateData` array.
    ///
    /// `priceIds` and `publishTimes` are two arrays with the same size that correspond to senders known publishTime
    /// of each priceId when calling this method. If all of price feeds within `priceIds` have updated and have
    /// a newer or equal publish time than the given publish time, it will reject the transaction to save gas.
    /// Otherwise, it calls updatePriceFeeds method to update the prices.
    ///
    /// @dev Reverts if update is not needed or the transferred fee is not sufficient or the updateData is invalid.
    /// @param updateData Array of price update data.
    /// @param priceIds Array of price ids.
    /// @param publishTimes Array of publishTimes. `publishTimes[i]` corresponds to known `publishTime` of `priceIds[i]`
    function updatePriceFeedsIfNecessary(
        bytes[] calldata updateData,
        bytes32[] calldata priceIds,
        uint64[] calldata publishTimes
    ) external payable;

    /// @notice Returns the required fee to update an array of price updates.
    /// @param updateData Array of price update data.
    /// @return feeAmount The required fee in Wei.
    function getUpdateFee(
        bytes[] calldata updateData
    ) external view returns (uint feeAmount);

    /// @notice Parse `updateData` and return price feeds of the given `priceIds` if they are all published
    /// within `minPublishTime` and `maxPublishTime`.
    ///
    /// You can use this method if you want to use a Pyth price at a fixed time and not the most recent price;
    /// otherwise, please consider using `updatePriceFeeds`. This method does not store the price updates on-chain.
    ///
    /// This method requires the caller to pay a fee in wei; the required fee can be computed by calling
    /// `getUpdateFee` with the length of the `updateData` array.
    ///
    ///
    /// @dev Reverts if the transferred fee is not sufficient or the updateData is invalid or there is
    /// no update for any of the given `priceIds` within the given time range.
    /// @param updateData Array of price update data.
    /// @param priceIds Array of price ids.
    /// @param minPublishTime minimum acceptable publishTime for the given `priceIds`.
    /// @param maxPublishTime maximum acceptable publishTime for the given `priceIds`.
    /// @return priceFeeds Array of the price feeds corresponding to the given `priceIds` (with the same order).
    function parsePriceFeedUpdates(
        bytes[] calldata updateData,
        bytes32[] calldata priceIds,
        uint64 minPublishTime,
        uint64 maxPublishTime
    ) external payable returns (PythStructs.PriceFeed[] memory priceFeeds);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the `nonReentrant` modifier
 * available, which can be aplied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 */
contract ProxyReentrancyGuard {
    /// @dev counter to allow mutex lock with only one SSTORE operation
    uint256 private _guardCounter;
    bool private _initialized;

    function initNonReentrant() public {
        require(!_initialized, "Already initialized");
        _initialized = true;
        _guardCounter = 1;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and make it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        _guardCounter += 1;
        uint256 localCounter = _guardCounter;
        _;
        require(localCounter == _guardCounter, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// Clone of syntetix contract without constructor
contract ProxyOwned {
    address public owner;
    address public nominatedOwner;
    bool private _initialized;
    bool private _transferredAtInit;

    function setOwner(address _owner) public {
        require(_owner != address(0), "Owner address cannot be 0");
        require(!_initialized, "Already initialized, use nominateNewOwner");
        _initialized = true;
        owner = _owner;
        emit OwnerChanged(address(0), _owner);
    }

    function nominateNewOwner(address _owner) external onlyOwner {
        nominatedOwner = _owner;
        emit OwnerNominated(_owner);
    }

    function acceptOwnership() external {
        require(msg.sender == nominatedOwner, "You must be nominated before you can accept ownership");
        emit OwnerChanged(owner, nominatedOwner);
        owner = nominatedOwner;
        nominatedOwner = address(0);
    }

    function transferOwnershipAtInit(address proxyAddress) external onlyOwner {
        require(proxyAddress != address(0), "Invalid address");
        require(!_transferredAtInit, "Already transferred");
        owner = proxyAddress;
        _transferredAtInit = true;
        emit OwnerChanged(owner, proxyAddress);
    }

    modifier onlyOwner {
        _onlyOwner();
        _;
    }

    function _onlyOwner() private view {
        require(msg.sender == owner, "Only the contract owner may perform this action");
    }

    event OwnerNominated(address newOwner);
    event OwnerChanged(address oldOwner, address newOwner);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

// Inheritance
import "./ProxyOwned.sol";

// Clone of syntetix contract without constructor

contract ProxyPausable is ProxyOwned {
    uint public lastPauseTime;
    bool public paused;

    

    /**
     * @notice Change the paused state of the contract
     * @dev Only the contract owner may call this.
     */
    function setPaused(bool _paused) external onlyOwner {
        // Ensure we're actually changing the state before we do anything
        if (_paused == paused) {
            return;
        }

        // Set our paused state.
        paused = _paused;

        // If applicable, set the last pause time.
        if (paused) {
            lastPauseTime = block.timestamp;
        }

        // Let everyone know that our pause state has changed.
        emit PauseChanged(paused);
    }

    event PauseChanged(bool isPaused);

    modifier notPaused {
        require(!paused, "This action cannot be performed while the contract is paused");
        _;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

library AddressSetLib {
    struct AddressSet {
        address[] elements;
        mapping(address => uint) indices;
    }

    function contains(AddressSet storage set, address candidate) internal view returns (bool) {
        if (set.elements.length == 0) {
            return false;
        }
        uint index = set.indices[candidate];
        return index != 0 || set.elements[0] == candidate;
    }

    function getPage(
        AddressSet storage set,
        uint index,
        uint pageSize
    ) internal view returns (address[] memory) {
        // NOTE: This implementation should be converted to slice operators if the compiler is updated to v0.6.0+
        uint endIndex = index + pageSize; // The check below that endIndex <= index handles overflow.

        // If the page extends past the end of the list, truncate it.
        if (endIndex > set.elements.length) {
            endIndex = set.elements.length;
        }
        if (endIndex <= index) {
            return new address[](0);
        }

        uint n = endIndex - index; // We already checked for negative overflow.
        address[] memory page = new address[](n);
        for (uint i; i < n; i++) {
            page[i] = set.elements[i + index];
        }
        return page;
    }

    function add(AddressSet storage set, address element) internal {
        // Adding to a set is an idempotent operation.
        if (!contains(set, element)) {
            set.indices[element] = set.elements.length;
            set.elements.push(element);
        }
    }

    function remove(AddressSet storage set, address element) internal {
        require(contains(set, element), "Element not in set.");
        // Replace the removed element with the last element of the list.
        uint index = set.indices[element];
        uint lastIndex = set.elements.length - 1; // We required that element is in the list, so it is not empty.
        if (index != lastIndex) {
            // No need to shift the last element if it is the one we want to delete.
            address shiftedElement = set.elements[lastIndex];
            set.elements[index] = shiftedElement;
            set.indices[shiftedElement] = index;
        }
        set.elements.pop();
        delete set.indices[element];
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.5.16;

interface IStakingThales {
    function updateVolume(address account, uint amount) external;

    function updateStakingRewards(
        uint _currentPeriodRewards,
        uint _extraRewards,
        uint _revShare
    ) external;

    /* ========== VIEWS / VARIABLES ==========  */
    function totalStakedAmount() external view returns (uint);

    function stakedBalanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function currentPeriodRewards() external view returns (uint);

    function currentPeriodFees() external view returns (uint);

    function getLastPeriodOfClaimedRewards(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function getRewardsAvailable(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function getRewardFeesAvailable(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function getAlreadyClaimedRewards(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function getContractRewardFunds() external view returns (uint);

    function getContractFeeFunds() external view returns (uint);

    function getAMMVolume(address account) external view returns (uint);

    function updateVolumeAtAmountDecimals(
        address account,
        uint amount,
        uint decimals
    ) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.5.16;

interface IMultiCollateralOnOffRamp {
    function onramp(address collateral, uint collateralAmount) external returns (uint);

    function onrampWithEth(uint amount) external payable returns (uint);

    function getMinimumReceived(address collateral, uint amount) external view returns (uint);

    function getMinimumNeeded(address collateral, uint amount) external view returns (uint);

    function WETH9() external view returns (address);

    function offrampIntoEth(uint amount) external returns (uint);

    function offramp(address collateral, uint amount) external returns (uint);

    function offrampFromIntoEth(address collateralFrom, uint amount) external returns (uint);

    function offrampFrom(
        address collateralFrom,
        address collateralTo,
        uint amount
    ) external returns (uint);

    function priceFeed() external view returns (address);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.5.16;

interface IReferrals {
    function referrals(address) external view returns (address);

    function getReferrerFee(address) external view returns (uint);

    function sportReferrals(address) external view returns (address);

    function setReferrer(address, address) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.5.16;

interface IAddressManager {
    struct Addresses {
        address safeBox;
        address referrals;
        address stakingThales;
        address multiCollateralOnOffRamp;
        address pyth;
        address speedMarketsAMM;
    }

    function safeBox() external view returns (address);

    function referrals() external view returns (address);

    function stakingThales() external view returns (address);

    function multiCollateralOnOffRamp() external view returns (address);

    function pyth() external view returns (address);

    function speedMarketsAMM() external view returns (address);

    function getAddresses() external view returns (Addresses memory);

    function getAddresses(string[] calldata _contractNames) external view returns (address[] memory contracts);

    function getAddress(string memory _contractName) external view returns (address contract_);

    function checkIfContractExists(string memory _contractName) external view returns (bool contractExists);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/// @title An AMM utils for Thales speed markets
contract SpeedMarketsAMMUtils {
    uint private constant SECONDS_PER_MINUTE = 60;

    /// @notice get dynamic fee based on defined time thresholds for a given delta time
    /// @param _deltaTimeSec to search for appropriate time range (in seconds)
    /// @param _timeThresholds array of time thresholds for each fee (in minutes)
    /// @param _fees array of fees for every time range
    /// @param _defaultFee if _deltaTime doesn't have appropriate time range return this value
    /// @return fee defined for specific time range to which _deltaTime belongs to
    function getFeeByTimeThreshold(
        uint64 _deltaTimeSec,
        uint[] calldata _timeThresholds,
        uint[] calldata _fees,
        uint _defaultFee
    ) external pure returns (uint fee) {
        fee = _defaultFee;
        uint _deltaTime = _deltaTimeSec / SECONDS_PER_MINUTE;
        for (uint i = _timeThresholds.length; i > 0; i--) {
            if (_deltaTime >= _timeThresholds[i - 1]) {
                fee = _fees[i - 1];
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Context_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/// @title IPythEvents contains the events that Pyth contract emits.
/// @dev This interface can be used for listening to the updates for off-chain and testing purposes.
interface IPythEvents {
    /// @dev Emitted when the price feed with `id` has received a fresh update.
    /// @param id The Pyth Price Feed ID.
    /// @param publishTime Publish time of the given price update.
    /// @param price Price of the given price update.
    /// @param conf Confidence interval of the given price update.
    event PriceFeedUpdate(
        bytes32 indexed id,
        uint64 publishTime,
        int64 price,
        uint64 conf
    );

    /// @dev Emitted when a batch price update is processed successfully.
    /// @param chainId ID of the source chain that the batch price update comes from.
    /// @param sequenceNumber Sequence number of the batch price update.
    event BatchPriceFeedUpdate(uint16 chainId, uint64 sequenceNumber);
}

{
  "optimizer": {
    "enabled": true,
    "runs": 200
  },
  "outputSelection": {
    "*": {
      "*": [
        "evm.bytecode",
        "evm.deployedBytecode",
        "devdoc",
        "userdoc",
        "metadata",
        "abi"
      ]
    }
  },
  "libraries": {}
}

• No Contract Security Audit Submitted- Submit Audit Here

[{"inputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"constructor"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"int64","name":"finalPrice","type":"int64"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"enum SpeedMarket.Direction","name":"result","type":"uint8"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"bool","name":"userIsWinner","type":"bool"}],"name":"Resolved","type":"event"},{"inputs":[],"name":"asset","outputs":[{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"","type":"bytes32"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"buyinAmount","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"createdAt","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"direction","outputs":[{"internalType":"enum SpeedMarket.Direction","name":"","type":"uint8"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"finalPrice","outputs":[{"internalType":"int64","name":"","type":"int64"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"components":[{"internalType":"address","name":"_speedMarketsAMM","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"_user","type":"address"},{"internalType":"bytes32","name":"_asset","type":"bytes32"},{"internalType":"uint64","name":"_strikeTime","type":"uint64"},{"internalType":"int64","name":"_strikePrice","type":"int64"},{"internalType":"uint64","name":"_strikePricePublishTime","type":"uint64"},{"internalType":"enum SpeedMarket.Direction","name":"_direction","type":"uint8"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"_buyinAmount","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"_safeBoxImpact","type":"uint256"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"_lpFee","type":"uint256"}],"internalType":"struct SpeedMarket.InitParams","name":"params","type":"tuple"}],"name":"initialize","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"initialized","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"isUserWinner","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"lpFee","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"int64","name":"_finalPrice","type":"int64"}],"name":"resolve","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"resolved","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"result","outputs":[{"internalType":"enum SpeedMarket.Direction","name":"","type":"uint8"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"safeBoxImpact","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"speedMarketsAMM","outputs":[{"internalType":"contract ISpeedMarketsAMM","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"strikePrice","outputs":[{"internalType":"int64","name":"","type":"int64"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"strikePricePublishTime","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint64","name":"","type":"uint64"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"strikeTime","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint64","name":"","type":"uint64"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"user","outputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"","type":"address"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"}]

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